History Painting in Indonesia

Arts is a branch of art that make up the work of art with the media to catch the eye and felt with palpation. This impression is created by processing the concept of lines, area, shape, volume, color, texture, and lighting with aesthetic reference.

Fine Arts divided into three categories, namely pure Art, craft, and design. Pure Art refers to works that only for the purpose of personal gratification eksresi, while craft and design more focused functionality and ease of production.

Roughly translated Arts in English is a fine art. But according to the development of the modern art world, the term fine art becomes more specific to the sense of pure Art to then combine them with the design and craft into a discussion of visual arts


Visual Art Studies Program is a pure field study program that initially Arts departs from traditional understandings "Fine-Art". A growing tradition of discourse on modernism that has the structure and shape itself, not a practical purpose (to daily). A language of Fine Arts that serves as a means to improve the quality of life. Scope of education programs in general studies besa rnya Fine Arts provides capabilities (methods) to practice and learn to think through (a) Fine Arts with a connecting logic and structure sensitivity, the creative process and systems design and aesthetic principles and technology, supported by the discourse of science - social science and culture.

Expertise Group (Visual Arts Visual Arts) is a group that includes areas of expertise and skills kesenimanan science and aesthetics in the context of Applied Arts ilayah W is specifically include the skills are divided into sub-families, namely:

1. Arts Trimatra (Three-dimensional art)
2. Techniques and materials Art

Sub KK Fine Arts Trimatra Dwimatra and more specifically the more apparent in the grouping of idioms and medium aitu y Fine Arts: the art of painting (painting), graphic arts (printmaking), sculpture (sculpture), art pottery (ceramic), art image ( drawing), photography to establish enough. While some idioms and the current medium started to be developed is the art of video (video art), installation (installation), the art environment (environmental art), performance art.

While sub KK art techniques and materials are specific skills associated with the need for development of materials and equipment for the interests and aesthetic applications kesenimanan applied. This region is important because in the articulation work of art would need techniques and materials are very closely related. For example in ceramics there handbuilding techniques, casting, the graphics are printing techniques and printing in high, the statue is the technique of metal casting, carving, there is a technique in painting realist, impressionist, and others. Meanwhile, in the context of materials, to name a few, there is a porcelain material, bonechina in ceramics, wood materials, metal sculptures, paper materials, ink and acrylic in graphics, oil paint in the painting. Further techniques and materials in the current art have always been development and refinement. Sub KK is expected to accommodate the need for research related to the possibilities of processing techniques and materials and to anticipate the development of techniques and materials in art

Regarding aesthetics applied is the area closer to the community service aspect. Skills in the field of ceramics, graphics, painting, and sculpture, has been applied not only to individual work as an artist, but also touched on areas related to applied aspects of public order. For example some activities that have been done is making an aesthetic element, monuments, development of ceramics, stained glass, or a picture for creativity. Art KK uga has strategic possibilities of continuing education as a form of real service to the community.

Basically, the grouping of sub-skills in the art COW is an effort to mensinergiskan KK functions as a group that has a scientific authority and expertise in carrying out the role of research and community service. Also another consideration is the aspect to be easily manageable in the future projections and anticipating the possibility of cross-disciplinary or cross-KK.

Understanding Ornamental scope.

Many experts believe that, word comes from the word ornament Ornare (Latin) which means to decorate, in Encyclopedia of Indonesia, ornaments described as any style decorations or other geometric; ornaments are made in a basic form of the craft (furniture, clothing, etc.) and is a component arsitektur.Ornamen art products that are added or created intentionally for the purpose as a garnish. In addition to his duties as a decorator comes implicitly keindahaan aspects, for example, to add an item keindaahan so much good and interesting, besides the ornaments are often found in the symbolic values or specific purposes related to the philosophy of life (philosophy life) of people or society creators, so that items that have meaning and diterapinya deep meaning, along with expectations given too. In the development of further developments, the use of ornaments in addition to having specific purposes and in a more contemporary time (as now) many penekannya merely to decorate it with ornaments that really is a component of the art products to add or intentionally in made for purely ornamental purposes. Thus it is clear that the duties and functions as a decorative ornament is an object, and if the ornaments are in place or applied to other objects would have added value to the object. Whether to add a beautiful, antique, haunted, beautiful, and or another predicate. Of course, in accordance with the scope of how and where an ornament should be in use. It turned out that understanding is not that easy, because the ornaments about other issues more complex and extensive. Because in relation to described about the motives, or themes and patterns of wear on art objects, buildings, and on any surface regardless of its importance to the structure and if fungsinya.Selanjutnya closer scrutiny from the above discussion, the scope of the ornament becomes very large. Because of something that has the task to decorate and add to the value of the object occupies is called the ornament. This understanding will be more difficult to understand if you want to develop it, and not fully understanding the ornament is not the case, because the ornaments have a character, nature and a very special character. Accordingly, let us compare the following issues in a group of ornaments, a sculpture that stands alone could turn into a unit when placed in a park in the city or placed at the entrances of the building / buildings. Likewise if a painting is installed in the wall of a room / living room furniture and furniture-such a match, making the atmosphere of the room becomes more attractive and beautiful. From the above description clearly a function sculptures, paintings and furniture are as decoration in the city park, living room, and the gate, so with such statues, paintings, sculpture and furniture had to be interpreted as a garden ornament from the City, living room and the door gate. But the need to know that such things were not what the real purpose of the ornament, as what I mean. Another example, there is a furniture that contains carvings that were wrapped round to all parts of furniture, or the carving is only in some parts of it. In this case easy to explain the position of this inscription, which as a decoration or ornament of furniture is. Accordingly, the same problem when the bracelet, necklace, pendant is considered as the ornament of the people who wear them, but on the other side of the jewelry items are also ornaments on the little menghiasinya.Pengertian quite difficult in the appropriate conclusions, especially else if associated with penertian decor. Because the meaning of the decoration also decorate, can nevertheless understand that in general terms with decorative ornaments in many ways there are similarities, but still there are these differences significant, because the decor in many ways a greater emphasis on application-specific implementation, such as interior decoration, stage decoration. In response to the problem, might be more open to our ideas if aware that the ornament can be a decorative element or elements, but not to the contrary (as an element of decoration ornaments). Hence the notion of ornament will depend on which angle we see it, and everyone is free to conclude according to the point of view.

History painting in Indonesia

The art of painting is one of the parent art. With the same basic sense, painting is a more complete development of the drawing.

Indonesian modern art begins with the entry of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. The tendency of Western European art at that time to the flow of romance to make a lot of Indonesian painters come to develop this flow. Indonesian painter originally more as spectators or assistants, for arts education is a luxury that is difficult to achieve indigenous population. Besides being a modern painting equipment prices are difficult to reach ordinary citizens.

Raden Saleh Sharif Bustaman is one of the assistants who were fortunate enough to learn the European style of painting practiced Dutch painter.

Raden Saleh and then proceed to Dutch painting, which had become a respected painter and Indonesia became the court painter in several European countries.

But the painting through the development of Indonesia is not the same as the European Renaissance era, so that its development was not through the same stages.

Revolutionary era in Indonesia, making Indonesia a lot of artists switch from romantic themes to be tending toward "populist". Object associated with the natural beauty of Indonesia is considered as the theme of betraying the nation, because it is considered lick to the capitalists who became enemies of the popular ideology of communism at that time. The painter then turned to real-life portrait of lower-class society and the struggle against colonialism.

In addition, painting tools such as paint and canvas are increasingly difficult to obtain Indonesian paintings tend to form more simple, so the birth of abstraction.

Cultural Manifesto movement that aims to fight the imposition of the ideology of communism made during the 1950's painters prefer to free their art from a particular political interests, thus starting the era of expressionism. Painting is no longer regarded as a messenger and a propaganda tool, but rather as a means of expression of its maker. Beliefs are still held today.

Our painting trip since pioneering R. Saleh until the beginning of this XXI century, was still swayed by the impact of conception.

Indonesian art establishment that has not reached the level of success already devastating the diporak-modernism that led to the idea of alternative art or contemporary art, with the emergence of the concept art (conceptual art): "Installation Art", and "Performance Art", which once flourished throughout the campus art college around 1993-1996. Then came the various alternatives such as "collaboration" as a mode 1996/1997. Along the same conventional painting with a variety of styles to decorate the galleries, which is no longer as a token of appreciation to the community, but an alternative investment business

Printmaking

is a branch of art-making process works using printing techniques, usually on paper. Except in the Monotype technique, the process is able to create copies of the same work in large quantities, this is called the print process. Each copy of the work known as the 'impression'. Painting or drawing, on the other hand, create original works of art unique. Prints are created from the surface of a material, technically called a matrix. Matrix commonly used is: a metal plate, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching; stones used to lithograph; woodcut wooden planks to / cukil wood. There are many more other materials used in this artwork. Each print is usually regarded as an original work of art, not a copy. The works are printed from a plate to create an edition, in the modern art works each signed and numbered to indicate that the work is limited edition.

Sculpture is a branch of the art form of three-dimensional works. Usually created by carving, modeling (eg with clay materials) or casting (in print).

Posters or plaques is a work of art or graphic design which includes the composition of pictures and letters on oversized paper. Pengaplikasiannya with taped on the wall or other flat surface with attention-seeking nature of the eye as hard as possible. Because it is usually made with poster colors and strong contrasts.

Posters can be a means of advertising, education, propaganda, and decorations. In addition a copy can also be the famous art works.

Ceramic Art

is a branch of art ceramics materials processing to create works of art from traditional to contemporary. Also also distinguished Ceramics craft activities based on the principle of functionality and production.

Venus of Dolni Vestonice is the work of the oldest ceramics ever found. Ceramics of Nove and Bassano

Ceramics from the beginning is very popular with its function as decorative objects. This can be known daripeninggalan Republic of Venice in 400an. Noted that mass production began in the 17th century in Nove and Bassano del Grappa. Ashura is the most important companies in the area

Ceramics was originally derived from a Greek word that means keramikos a form of clay that has undergone the process of combustion.

Dictionaries and encyclopedias in the 1950s to define ceramics as a result of art and technology to produce goods of burnt clay, like pottery, tiles, porcelain, and so on. But this time not all the tiles comes from the clay. Definition of terms covering all the latest ceramic materials instead of metal and inorganic solid. (Joseph, 1998:2).

Ceramic compounds are generally more stable in the environment compared to thermal and chemical elements. Ceramic raw materials commonly used is felspard, ball clay, quartz, kaolin, and water. Ceramic properties are determined by the crystal structure, chemical and mineral composition of luggage. Therefore, the nature of ceramics also depends on the geological environment in which the material obtained. In general, very complicated structure with few free electrons.

Lack of a few free electrons makes most of the ceramic ceramic material is not a conductor of electricity and also a bad conductor of heat. In addition, the character of brittle ceramics, hard, and stiff. Ceramics in general have a better press strength than the power of attraction

The diversity of art and culture of Indonesia, of which visible through the traditional craft products scattered in various regions in Indonesia with the characters and artistic styles of each. Existence adds beauty of the earth rise of earth, like a mosaic of cultural arts in persada archipelago. The presence of various traditional craft products is the potential that prides because contains the complexity and value of competence, according to the level of civilization and human life support since prehistoric times to modern times. According to the soul era, Indonesia's traditional craft products contain loads of social values, political, economic, cultural, spiritual, and material can be used as a gauge to determine the level of peradapan, progress mindset, awareness, and sensitivity of a sense of someone, the next level of civilization and the level of community life supporters.
Aware that the values of biological products Traditional Craft Arts have always been changes and developments, continuity and experience in harmony with the demands dekontinuitas world events, whether they occurred in prehistoric times, ancient times, Madia era, modern times, and the era of openness and globally. When human lives are at the level of life-moving with berpidah animist beliefs and dynamic, then the presence of Art Craft was clinging to the conditions at the time of life, as well as in ancient times, times Madia, and so on.
Art Craft presence can be expressed very closely with the fairy life itself, Art Craft came from the community and return to their interests. Art Craft are in the society as a branch of art grounded and populist. This is not some mere slogan, but it is a fact. As is known, present at all levels of Art Craft community life, both among the weak economy, high economic, as well as a strong economy. Community generally requires the presence of Art Craft in their lives, especially as a means to raise the dignity of life and dignity. Art Craft ernah p be a status symbol devices, Art Craft could become industrial products that have economic value, and Art Craft also serves as the fulfillment of material and spiritual needs. Increased living facilities, opening opportunities for the development of Art Craft answer kepentinygan life, it has a strong influence on the existence and development. Art Craft very closely with the necessities of life, it has a great opportunity and potential to be developed into business units which are industrial production, but it's also a reliable komuditas in trade. This was proven many branches of Art Craft and after serious coaching successfully meet the demands of the market and can improve the welfare of the community life supporters, and even bring foreign exchange.

Source:http://3gplus.wordpress.com/2008/08/04/sejarah-seni-lukis-di-indonesia/